Do Gun Control Debates Ever Change Anything? In These Countries They Did

Nine months later, the debate was held all over again after a mass shooting at the U.S. Navy Yard in Washington, D.C., that killed 13 people.

Then there was April 2, 2014. The second mass shooting in five years at Fort Hood Army base left four dead, including the shooter, and 16 wounded. The base was also the site of a 2009 rampage in which a former Army psychiatrist killed 13 and wounded 32.

On Dec. 2, 2015, two shooters said to be “inspired” by ISIS opened fire at a Christmas party for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health that was being held in a banquet room at the Inland Regional Center, killing 14 and seriously injuring 22.

And on June 12, 2016, the United States saw the worst mass shooting in its history. Forty-nine victims plus the shooter died after a gunman opened fire in an Orlando night club, and 53 were reported injured.

There has been plenty more gun violence in America, much of which doesn’t rise to national prominence. But the mass shootings tend to get our attention, at least for a moment.

Here, we look at three cases in which gun laws were tightened following tragic shootings—in Australia, Scotland, and Finland.

Australia

The tightening of Australia’s gun laws was prompted by the worst mass murder in Australian history. On April 28, 1996, a gunman opened fire on tourists in Port Arthur, Tasmania, killing 35 people and wounding 23 more. Just 12 days later, Australia’s government responded by announcing a bipartisan deal along with state and local governments to enact gun control measures, according to Slate.

The buyback program reduced firearm suicides by 74 percent and gun-related homicides by 59 percent

A massive buyback program yielded more than 600,000 semi-automatic shotguns and rifles, roughly one-fifth of the firearms in Australia. The laws also outlawed private sales, required that guns be individually registered to their owners and mandated that buyers present a “genuine reason” for purchasing the guns.

According to research published by Australian Labor Member of Parliament Andrew Leigh in 2010, the buyback program reduced firearm suicides by 74 percent and gun-related homicides by 59 percent, said The Sydney Morning Herald.

Former Australian Prime Minister John Howard, who led the government when the tighter gun laws were passed in 1996, wrote in the Melbourne daily The Age shortly after the 2012 mass shooting in Aurora, Colorado.

He said, “Australia is a safer country as a result of what was done in 1996. It will be the continuing responsibility of current and future federal and state governments to ensure the effectiveness of those anti-gun laws is never weakened. The U.S. is a country for which I have much affection. There are many American traits which we Australians could well emulate to our great benefit. But when it comes to guns we have been right to take a radically different path.”

Scotland

On March 13, 1996, a lone gunman walked into a primary school in Dunblane, Scotland, and shot dead 16 children and their teacher before killing himself. “Dunblane has so much in common with what has happened in Newtown,” said Harry McEwan, 71, who has lived in Dunblane for 30 years, according to Reuters.

The Dunblane massacre led within two years to gun control laws

As Reuters noted, the Dunblane massacre led within two years to gun control laws that effectively banned civilians from owning handguns.

Britain had tightened regulations after the 1987 Hungerford massacre, which also killed 16 people, said CNN. The Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988, as it’s known, made registration of shotguns mandatory and banned semi-automatic and pump-action weapons. Firearms amnesties after Hungerford and Dunblane netted thousands of firearms and rounds of ammunition.

CNN noted that while the ban initially seemed to have little impact, the number of crimes involving guns has dropped in recent years. In 2010–2011, there were 11,227 offenses, 53 percent below the peak number. Crimes involving handguns also dropped 44 percent between 2002–2003 and 2010–2011.

Finland

Finland’s established culture of gun ownership (1.5 million firearms in a country of 5 million people) was called into question after two horrific shooting incidents at schools that took place within a year of each other.

“No one in a country like Finland needs to have a gun at home.”

On Nov. 7, 2007, a teenager in Tuusula killed eight people before killing himself at Jokela High School. Just a year later, on Sept. 23, a gunman shot 10 people on the campus of Kauhajoki city’s School of Hospitality before turning the gun on himself, according to CNN.

In the wake of the shootings, Finland raised the minimum age for firearm licenses from 15 to 20 for short weapons and to 18 for hunting guns, according to Agence France Presse.

“No one in a country like Finland needs to have a gun at home,” said Foreign Minister Erkki Tuomioja in August 2011, following the rampage by Anders Behring Breivik, in neighboring Norway.

Editor’s note: This story was originally published by GlobalPost on Dec. 17, 2012. It has been updated to reflect current events.